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Signals and Systems

Group Velocity: Mathematical Proof

The term group velocity defines the rate at which the envelope of a signal propagates in a transmission medium. This signal transmitted over the medium is obtained when a modulating signal modulates a central frequency, typically called the carrier [1]. As a result, the modulating signal and the envelope are equivalent. While the envelope propagates […]

Categories
Signals and Systems

Waves in Electronics and Communications

This article reviews the basic theory of waves and wave motion focusing on a practical application: electronics and communications. In addition, images and graphs of moving waves are provided to facilitate the understanding of the concepts explained. The text is organized as follows. First, waves are defined from a general and also mathematical point of […]

Categories
Signals and Systems

Frequency Constant Phase Shift and Distortion

Transmission media and electronic components can have multiple effects on the signals propagating through them [1] [2]. To avoid phase distortion, it is necessary that the phase of the system, the phase shift introduced by the medium, is linear with frequency. This case, whose effect consists of a time delay of the signal, is often […]